Tobacco Use Essay Research Paper Comparative forms free essay sample

Tobacco Use Essay, Research Paper Comparative signifiers of baccy usage In 1492 native Indians were smoking rolled up baccy foliages. In the sixteenth century baccy smoking spread to Europe. By the late 1800 baccy tolled in paper called coffin nails were a major industry with one million millions being sold each twelvemonth. Today there are many merchandises that contain baccy. Cigarettes and snuff are the most popular on the market. Cigarettes consist of baccy rolled in documents that are flavored, and some with filters. Snuff that consists of thinly chopped natural baccy air packed in containers to masticate. Many leaders of the baccy industry have yet to province that baccy is an addicting drug. But in society today it is really convenient to buy baccy. With coffin nail s a individual can whiff and inhale their lungs with fume, and snuff a individual must put in their oral cavities between your underside lip and gum. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Use Essay Research Paper Comparative forms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both are ingested into your blood stream and can impact your organic structure in different ways. Both utilizations of baccy create unwritten arrested development to the users. Such unwritten arrested developments are so commanding they can damage your organic structure. With coffin nails it affects your lungs and pharynx. With snuff it affects your oral cavity, gums and pharynx. Both can do bad bre ath. Both can stain your fingers and teeth the colour yellow. Both can do early ripening. Cigarette smoke can take to malignant neoplastic disease in many parts of the organic structure, but non surprisingly most of the harm it does to the lungs. Chewing baccy can take to malignant neoplastic disease of the lips and oral cavity. Most coffin nail fumes would wish to believe they could protect themselves from malignant neoplastic disease merely by utilizing a holder or by exchanging to filter-tipped cigarrettes, cigar or a pipe. Unfortunately they cant. Chewing baccy is even worse. The users of this believe that merely because they are non inhaling it that they are safe as good. They are non. Two picks of baccy usage you inhale smoke or masticate baccy the effects are still terrible. Both can do disfiguration to the face, pharynx, and lungs. With coffin nail smoking your pharynx can be badly damaged with the interior walls of your pharynx being stripped of its tegument. Your lungs begin to be filled with baccy pitch that will suppress your external respiration and can do terrible coughing. Snuff your oral cavity and lower jaw can fade out and will hold to be removed. Whether you smoke or chew tobacco both are well long term unwellness s that lead to dependence. Although one can take to decease faster, they both every bit damage your wellness and organic structure.

Free Essays on Partial Birth Abortion

Partial Birth Abortions: Recent Developments Abortion is a topic that many people feel very strongly about, whether for or against it. Since the topic came to precedence in the early 70’s with the case of Roe v. Wade, many people have polarized to one side or another. Political parties are also among this polarization; their agendas for this topic are very different. Recent developments have brought new life to a topic that hasn’t much changed since the Supreme Courts landmark decision. The recent developments are in response to the process of the term ‘partial birth abortion’, which has become one of the great political deadlocks of our day. The history of abortion is one that stretches back to the time of Egyptians. It is however not until the early 1970’s that the issue of abortion came to be in the hearts and minds of the average citizen. Roe v. Wade legalized abortions and brought the topic to the attention of everyone. In the 30 years since the legalization of abortions for the first two trimesters there have been over 40 million abortions, whether or not we are better off for these abortions will never be known. The term partial birth abortion does not have its roots in medical terms, rather â€Å"Pro-choice lobbyists say the term "partial-birth abortion" has been coined by those opposed to it because it is more emotive† (Q it refers to the process of aborting a baby that is more than 20 weeks old and usually not older than 27 weeks. There are cases that babies have been aborted in this fashion that are older than 27 weeks, but for the most part these cases aren’t common. The process of dilation and extraction is very simple, brutally efficient. The process starts by having the doctor remove the baby feet first from the womb, leaving the head still inside. Next, the doctor inserts a sharp object, usually... Free Essays on Partial Birth Abortion Free Essays on Partial Birth Abortion Partial Birth Abortions: Recent Developments Abortion is a topic that many people feel very strongly about, whether for or against it. Since the topic came to precedence in the early 70’s with the case of Roe v. Wade, many people have polarized to one side or another. Political parties are also among this polarization; their agendas for this topic are very different. Recent developments have brought new life to a topic that hasn’t much changed since the Supreme Courts landmark decision. The recent developments are in response to the process of the term ‘partial birth abortion’, which has become one of the great political deadlocks of our day. The history of abortion is one that stretches back to the time of Egyptians. It is however not until the early 1970’s that the issue of abortion came to be in the hearts and minds of the average citizen. Roe v. Wade legalized abortions and brought the topic to the attention of everyone. In the 30 years since the legalization of abortions for the first two trimesters there have been over 40 million abortions, whether or not we are better off for these abortions will never be known. The term partial birth abortion does not have its roots in medical terms, rather â€Å"Pro-choice lobbyists say the term "partial-birth abortion" has been coined by those opposed to it because it is more emotive† (Q it refers to the process of aborting a baby that is more than 20 weeks old and usually not older than 27 weeks. There are cases that babies have been aborted in this fashion that are older than 27 weeks, but for the most part these cases aren’t common. The process of dilation and extraction is very simple, brutally efficient. The process starts by having the doctor remove the baby feet first from the womb, leaving the head still inside. Next, the doctor inserts a sharp object, usually...

Mustafa Kemal Atatrk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mustafa Kemal Atatrk - Research Paper Example Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk  has shown the world that how effective leadership and dedicated services can make revolutionary changes in the life of people. The life of Atatà ¼rk is a lesson for the modern political leaders who are struggling to contribute something to their nations because of widespread corruption, partialities, biases, discriminations and prejudices.  Ataturk was born in Salonica in 1880 into a family which was Muslim, Turkish speaking and precariously middle class†(Mango, p. 25). Salonica is not part of Turkey at present; it is the part of Greece now. Even though, Ataturk had many brothers and sisters, only one of Atatà ¼rks siblings, a sister named Makbule survived childhood. Mustafa Kemal was the childhood name of Ataturk. Even though the origin of Ataturk is still controversial, it is widely accepted that his father was an Albanian whereas his mother was a Macedonian. Ali Raza, a civil servant, was the father of Ataturk who died at the age of 46 because of his crazy life styles (Mango, p. 30). The sudden and unexpected death of Ali Raza brought the entire responsibility of looking after the family, on the shoulders of his mother. His mother was a strong believer in God and religion and she encouraged Mustafa to attend childhood education at a religious school. Even though Atatruk was not much interested in religious education, he spent a brief period of his childhood in this religious school. However, he joined another secular school later because of the instructions of his father. His parents were interested in making Ataturk a business man and forced him to learn more about the trade activities. But his interests were different and unknown to even his parents. Atatà ¼rk continued in the President ship for 15 years until his death in 1938. He did everything possible to make Turkey capable of standing in its own legs with the help of comprehensive reformation processes in the political, social, legal, economic, and cultural spheres. Emerging nations now admire and imitate him as an idol. The visions of Atatà ¼rk were highly integrated and he believed in secular credentials and humanity. Renowned world lead ers like Churchill, Roosevelt, Nehru Nasser, Kennedy etc paid immense tribute to Atatà ¼rk for his contributions to the world. He never treated neighbouring countries as friends rather than enemies which helped Turkey to get more cooperation from the neighbouring countries for its economic growth.

Mahayana Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mahayana Buddhism - Essay Example As the discussion stresses  the popularity that the religion has gained is because of the teachings of the religion that consider human being as an important part. The Bodhisattvas keep compassion and mercy for the people without any self-interest. The Bodhisattva is on the highest level when the mind is in great compassion and emptiness is there. â€Å"Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who have postponed their own nirvana and chosen to take rebirth in order to serve humanity.†Ã‚  From this paper it is clear that Mahayana is famous because it considers all the human beings equal and is more concerned to universality. Through compassion, it is meant that Bodhisattvas after gaining enlightenment work to transfer this enlightenment to other beings. They regard personal suffering as negligible and give more consideration to universal salvation of all human beings. Because the religion keeps into consideration all the human beings of the earth and is concerned about spiritualit y, compassion and love, therefore, it is popular on a worldwide basis.  Dalai Lama suffered many hardships in his life such as he was forced into exile because of Chinese invasion in Tibet. He is famous in the US because of his recognition as â€Å"a man of peace†.  He has travelled to many parts of the world and spread the message of peace, non-violence and unaggressive behavior due to which, he has also received many awards in the lieu of his preaching of peace and non-violence.

Information sources in marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information sources in marketing - Term Paper Example They also contain accurate information on past financial activities and thus act as reliable historical sources of information on financial management (Mort, 2003). Information sources in financial management also dwell on financial accounting, its principles and its assumptions. These sources analyze the international accounting standards that are upheld in terms of analysis and presentation of financial information. Some of them give a good analysis on currencies in Financial Management. The world has many currencies; as many as the number of countries available. These currencies vary in their market strength, and studying them is essential in establishing their relationship. It also enables one to compare the imports and exports of countries in terms of foreign exchange and international trade. To add to this, one gets to understand the various Fiscal policies and their implications in the modern financial markets. The information sources in this field of business are easily available. They exist in both soft and hard copy, with some being exclusively digital sources. Audit and government institutions provide this information through the cri tical analysis of the economy. There are various communication structures in Financial Management. These include associations, societies and journals. Some of the major associations include the Financial Management Association. This association supports scholars in various financial grounds and activities. It assists in the professional, academic and day-to-day life development of college students who are interested in banking, real estate, investment management and financial management. It gives them a firm background and foundation in their business studies, enabling them to be among the best in the financial industry. The European Financial Management Association is another association that is used as a communication

Meningitis Due To Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy

Meningitis Due To Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Acute Aseptic Meningitis Due To High Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Guillain-Barrà © Syndrome Abstract The majority of adverse reactions of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy are mild, transient and self-limiting; however, potentially serious complications are rare and occur in less than 5% of patients receiving IVIG therapy. IVIG associated transient aseptic meningitis is an uncommon adverse effect and this phenomenon has been seldom described in literature. We report a case of aseptic meningitis due to high dose IVIG therapy in a Guillain-Barrà © syndrome (GBS) patient. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed high cell counts with predominance of lymphocytic cells, raised protein, normal glucose level and no growth of the organism on culture. He was managed symptomatically with adequate hydration and analgesic. Our patient improved without neurological complications. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing IVIG associated neurological complications in GBS patients. Keywords Aseptic meningitis; Guillain-Barrà © syndrome; Intravenous immunoglobulin Introduction Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is recommended in Guillain-Barrà © syndrome (GBS) patients. The majority of adverse reactions of IVIG therapy are mild, transient and self-limiting; however, potentially serious complications are rare and occur in less than 5% of patients receiving IVIG therapy. According to Kemmotsu et al., IVIG associated transient aseptic meningitis is an uncommon phenomenon occurring in about 1% of patient. The common adverse effects are headache, nausea and vomiting, myalgia, low backache, tachycardia, mild grade fever and flushing. The serious complications are aseptic meningitis, thromboembolism, transverse venous sinus thrombosis, myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute encephalopathy, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, anaphylactic reaction, acute renal failure and serum sickness. IVIG associated transient aseptic meningitis is a very rare complication. Our patient developed aseptic meningitis following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Case Presentation A 14 years old boy presented with two days history of acute onset pure motor, progressive, symmetric, areflexic, flaccid quadriparesis without bladder/bowel, bulbar, respiratory symptoms or autonomic dysfunction. He had no history of fever, preceding illness of diarrhea, respiratory tract infection or any toxin exposure. A clinical diagnosis of Guillain-Barrà © syndrome (GBS) was made with Hughes Disability Scale 4. Nerve conduction study was suggestive of pure motor, predominantly demyelinating affection of right ulnar, bilateral median, bilateral tibial and bilateral peroneal nerves. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum potassium level were normal and urinary porphobilinogen was negative. Clinical profile and electrophysiological parameters fulfilled the Asbury criteria of GBS. Intravenous immunoglobulin was given according to the recommended dose (0.4 mg/kg/day). His weight was 45 kg and total 90 gm IVIG was planned over five days in divided doses. On the fourth day, after receiving 72 grams of IVIG infusion, the patient developed progressive worsening headache, neck pain and recurrent vomiting. There was no history of fever, loss of consciousness or visual symptoms. His temperature was normal. On neurological examination, meningeal signs: neck rigidity, Kernig signs and Brudzinski signs were positive. Bilateral fundi were normal. There were no other focal neurological signs. Investigations Hemogram and blood biochemistry were within the normal range. Blood culture was sterile. X-ray chest was normal and Mantoux test was negative. Lumbar puncture showed normal opening pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed pleocytosis (Total cell counts: 180 cell/dl) with lymphocytic predominance (85%), raised protein (110 mg/dl), normal sugar (56 mg/dl) and normal chloride (111 mEq/L) levels. CSF gram stain, AFB stain, KOH preparation, India ink and CSF culture for bacteria and fungi were negative. CSF TB PCR and HSV PCR were negative. MRI brain with gadolinium contrast was normal (Figure 1). Differential Diagnosis Diagnosis of acute aseptic meningitis was based on clinical features, CSF findings, negative viral markers and negative culture. The diagnosis of IVIG associated aseptic meningitis was made as there was a strong temporal relationship between onset of aseptic meningitis and high dose IVIG therapy; the extensive search for other causes of meningitis was negative and the improvement of symptoms within few days. However, possibility of viral meningitis was also thought, but absence of prodromal symptoms, no identifiable rise in serum viral titres and self-improvement of symptoms ruled out the possibility of viral meningitis. Treatment His symptoms were managed with hydration and analgesics. No antibiotic or antiviral therapy was given. A very slow infusion of IVIG was continued under strict supervision until completion of full dose therapy on the next day. The signs of meningeal irritation-neck rigidity, Kernig’s signs and Brudzinski signs disappeared over next two days. Outcome The patient was discharged in stable condition with Hughes GBS Disability Scale 1. He recovered completely without any neurological sequelae. He was asymptomatic after three months of followup. Discussion The exact pathophysiology of IVIG induced aseptic meningitis is not clear. The various postulated mechanisms of IVIG associated aseptic meningitis are direct toxic effect, immunologic drug hypersensitive reaction, allogenic immunologic reaction, hypersensitivity reaction to various stabilizing agents and cytokine release triggered by the therapy. Wada et al. showed the excitotoxic effect of IVIG in acute encephalopathy following IVIG therapy. The IgG is an active ingredient of intravenous immunoglobulin capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, penetrates the meninges, and enters the brain parenchyma. In our patient, aseptic meningitis developed after 72 hours of initiation of IVIG. However, in literature, most patients developed aseptic meningitis within 48 hours of beginning IVIG therapy. According to Jarius et al., aseptic meningitis was frequently associated with polymorphic pleocytosis in the CSF examination; however, our patient had lymphocytic pleocytosis. Most of the side effects associated with IVIG are mild, self-limited and related to the infusion rate and no specific therapy is required. Risk factors for IVIG associated aseptic meningitis are history of migraine and rapid, high dose infusion of IVIG. Slower infusion rate, proper hydration, antihistamines and analgesics may help to prevent mild reactions. Systemic steroid may be required in severe cases. Our patient was under strict supervision and no medical treatment was given. He improved without any neurological complications. Headache and fever are well-recognized side effects of high dose IVIG, aseptic meningitis has rarely been reported in the literature in GBS patients. A high index of clinical suspicion should be kept for IVIG induced aseptic meningitis and should be confirmed by careful neurological examination and CSF analysis. Take-Home Message Acute aseptic meningitis may develop as a transient, self-limiting complication of high dose IVIG therapy in GBS patient. Early recognition and management is required to prevent permanent neurological sequelae. IVIG therapy should be continued in mild aseptic meningitis as the IVIG infusion is a life saving drug for GBS patient, at a slow infusion rate, with proper hydration, histamines and analgesics. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing IVIG associated neurological complications in IVIG treated GBS patient. References Figure Legends Figure 1. Normal MRI brain with gadolinium contrast

Primate Species Profile :: essays papers

Primate Species Profile Red-shanked Douc Langurs What are their names? Scientific name: Pygathrix nemaeus English name: Red-shanked douc langurs How are they classified? Order: Primata Family: Cercopithecidae Did you know..... -That Douc langurs are leaf-eating monkeys with long intestines and very large stomachs to get nutrients out of leaves. Leaves are difficult to digest, so therefore, the langurs spend most of their time sleeping in order to properly digest them. They leaves they eat ferment inside them as part of their natural digestion, which releases bubbles of gas and causes them to burp! -Douc langurs have a specific "playface" in which the eyes are closed, exposing very pale blue eyelids. -The tails of Douc langurs are actually longer than their body. -Douc langur babies are very susceptible to the pet trade because they are so cute. Unfortunately most of these babies die due to lack of proper nutrients because their owners feed them only fruits - and they need many other nutrients for a balanced, healthy diet. Where do they live? Douc langurs are found most frequently in primary evergreen forests of Vietnam and Laos (also in Cambodia), at around 300-2000 meters elevation. Recent fieldwork has demonstrated that although douc lagurs were once thought to have a restricted habitat, they are actually found in a variety of habitats. While douc langur monkeys are restricted to wooded areas, they occur in a variety of forest types. Populations of doucs have been located from both monsoon forests as well as rainforests and include: semi-evergreen, lowland lower montane and upper montane forest types. What are their general characteristics? Description: Douc langurs appear as if dressed in costume. They have grey-black underparts, and the upper part of the leg is also black, and finally continuing down the knee and below are orange-red. Cheeks and throat are white, and the hands, feet, brow, and shoulders are a contrasting black. The tail, forearms, and genital region are also white. There is no sexual dimorphism in the size of douc langurs, and the size ranges are the following: the body length ranges from 23.1-23.5 inches, the tail length ranges from 23.5-26.8 inches, and their weights range from 18.1-24.0 lbs. Diet: Douc langurs are vegetarians, getting adequate protien and fluid by eating leaves, buds, fruit, and flowers. They eat 50 species of plant but no animals. At the zoo, the animals eat primate chow and various types of greens that they get in a rotating diet. That way the animals get to choose which type of green they want.

Business Profile of Ireland Essay

Ireland is an island located in the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean. Almost all the areas of the country are covered by coastal areas. The density of rainfall is much in the western part of the country that receives heavy which exceeds 3000 mm (120 inches) per year and only 60% of rainfall is received in remaining areas having 762 mm rainfall per year. The country is hugely populated with Christian’s community (Thompson, 1849). The official language of the country is English and mother tongue is Irish. The education background of the country is that, 52.3% of the population are primary educated, 23.3% of the population are secondary and only 24.4% are t highly educate (Hall, 1995). Ireland is one of the most emerging countries of the United Kingdom. It allows the enthusiastic entrepreneurs to commence small as well as medium sized industries which facilitates in the growth and prosperity of the country. For this the so many assistance were provided like financial assistance from both the sides of government body and other institutions, imposing tax   at concession rate, simplified procedures for incorporating, economical tariffs and transportation costs. And other running costs prevailed is also lower compared to other parts of the UK. In addition to these the country is filled with energetic, enthusiastic, young, skilled and highly educated workforce. Ireland is a developing country with a total population of 436, 6193 according to the survey carried out in 2007.   Since1980, about 40% of the inward investment in the European Electronics sector has been contributed by Ireland (Hall, 1995). Now, it is being accepted as one of the growing countries in the world. Most of production functions are undertaken by the country itself and the well known software packages are designed in this country i.e. around 60% of the total software packages sold in different parts of the world. It is also well known that for the software export in the world. Out of top 15 pharmaceutical companies, 13 companies have been manufacturing and conducting R&D operations in Ireland. It also has been a full member of Euro Currency Zone from its inception. It can also simplify the transactions including cross border transactions and other administrative costs that enables the Irish market to gain competitive advantage over costs and gets economies of scale. ‘The Doing Business Report’ reports that the country is ranked 7 out of 181 economies in terms of ease of doing business (Economy Ranking, 2008). The report also documents that the country is accepted as the 5th economy among the 181 economies across the world to start a new venture. Source: (The Doing Business Report 2009, Economy Ranking, 2008) Political Environment The country’s political stability, risk assessment, administration and policy-making are very much feasible to the business people in domestic and their foreign policies are too favorable to the investors. Evaluating and anticipating the political stability and security to the business environment in Ireland, it can be said that the political stability of the country plays an important role in determining the entrance of new ventures in to their market. Their trade policies attract many new entrepreneurs to commence their business operations in the country. Recent emergence of emigration, environmental risk and the affect of technological changes to the political agenda   have been seen along with Ireland’s economic   performance, their   peace process, the policy areas of health, housing and industrial relations of the country. Economic growth rate since past decades of the country in terms of per capita GDP level showed a higher trend. The reason behind such development was imaginative i.e. the dynamic programs developed by Irish political and administrative leaders irrespective of the governing body mainly focused on the development of the country as a whole and not as an individual. Ireland’s good working condition and better relationship with the United Kingdom has enabled the two governments to achieve significant progress and developments in the country. Comparative advantage of the country When we are talking about the comparative advantage of the country it is necessary to evaluate the overall development of the country. There is a good sign in inflation rate which is showing decreasing trend from last decades, this resulted in increase in the purchasing power of the people and also the micro factors GDP and Per Capita of the country also showed a positive sign. In addition to these foreign exchange rate increased. This inspired more and more outside companies to establish their business in the country and increased the amount of contribution of the foreign companies in the country, this factor provided employment opportunities to the people of Ireland. The following are the various categories that offer large amount of employments to youth. –  Ireland Industries – Ireland Hi tech – Ireland real estate – Ireland Services – Sundry The other comparative advantage of the country is the prevailing taxation policy of the country. It impose lower rate of taxation for existing industries as well as new industries. The policy of taxation is based on the individual income .In other words, higher the income higher the rate of tax payable. Companies those who are following the conditions as mentioned in the assessment year of July 1998, only 10% corporate tax will be applicable. This tax slab rate will remain unchanged till 2010. If it is a passive income only 25% is applicable (Cantillon, 2001). Income tax imposed on individuals is also low as compared to other countries in the world. For an individual, tax will be payable according to income earned in Ireland and overseas who follows the requirements to become a resident of Ireland for. A foreign resident who is employed in Ireland is also liable to pay tax on income earned in Ireland. It is yet another comparative advantage over other countries. Besides this they are also preventing the levy of double tax to the foreign companies even though it is followed in other parts of the country. In addition to these advantages, the government of Ireland provides VISA to the foreigners to do business in their country. In certain occasions they give passport having 3 months validity to the foreigners to stay. And a work permit will be given to the foreigners by the government if all the conditions in the gazette are complied by them. And suppose they are issued without fulfilling the conditions it will badly affect the employ Tax. They are liable to pay tax on income earned in Ireland and overseas by an individual who meets the test of a â€Å"permanent resident† of Ireland. A foreign resident who is employed in Ireland pays tax only on income earned in Ireland and not on overseas. The work permit is granted for the period of one year if required it can be extended. The major industries of Ireland The major industries located in Ireland are Agriculture, Beverages, Chemicals and Fertilizers, Clothing, Construction, Electronics and Data Processing, Food Processing, Machinery, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, Tourism. Major companies working in Ireland Barry’s Tea Ltd It is a privately owned company. It was founded in Republic of Ireland in 1901 whose headquarter is situated at Cork. The main products of the company are Tea. About 73 employees are working in the company. The annual turnover of the company is â‚ ¬ 31 million. Baltimore Technologies It was founded in 1976 at Dublin, Ireland. About 12 employees are working in the company. The main products of the company are Public Key Infrastructure Solutions. The Company was acquired by Oryx International Growth Fund in July 2006. Airtricity The company was established in 1997 in Ireland. Paul Dowling is the current CEO of this company. Mainly they are producing electronic items. About 380 employees are working in the company. Arnotts It is one of the oldest and largest department stores at Dublin, Ireland. It was established in the year 1843 by Sir John Arnott. It is a privately owned company. â‚ ¬ 750000000 is the asset of the company. Market capitalization of the company is US$13billion.

How did the group plan for a range of audience responses? Essay

Through our performance we wanted to convey a series of responses from the audience based around the many different feelings you can experience if you were trapped. As the topic didn’t really allow for the dynamics you can create with humour, we had to enable the audience to mentally separate their emotional response for each scene, in order for them to feel a new emotional experience. We did this by carefully planning the emotional journey we wanted to take them on, by first easing them into feeling scared – with the kidnapping scene, and eventually taking them to the paranoia featured in the final scene. We even monitored how the audience responded to the performance by asking them to fill in a questionnaire. In the first set of scenes which revolved around the kidnapping of a little girl, we wanted the audience to be shocked at the fact that this can happen in broad daylight. We therefore set the scene at the end of a school day, with the kidnapper stood in audiences view watching the little girl. This immediately creates suspense within the audience as they know something is going to happen. When the girl slowly follows her and reluctantly holds her hand we wanted the audience to feel shock and helplessness. The second part of this scene was a news report on the kidnapping. This scene was one that we planned to be short, yet grasp the audience’s attention and make them realise the seriousness of the situation. Though this scene was simple with its lighting and no sound effects, it was evident that the audience felt concerned. One of the scenes where we intended to emotionally shock the audience was mentioned many times through the questionnaires. It was the scene in which the mother interacts with the audience. For this we intended to use a Brechtian technique of breaking the fourth wall, and ‘mingling’ with the audience. We wanted her tone of voice to be very screechy and powerless to shock the audience into really believing that she has lost her child, and the use of close eye contact makes them feel inadequate to help. The audience said that they felt disturbed by closeness of the interaction between Laura (the mother) and themselves. We wanted to continue the Brechtian theme through the use of placards, as they create visual captions that interrupt and summarize the action. We planned to shout at the audience to make them feel uncomfortable. Another change is made when we add some loud and fast drum and bass music, and in corporate flashing lights. We thought that by creating something visually stimulating, we could make the audience feel vulnerable. Using physical theatre, we as a group wanted to physically represent being trapped. Charlotte (who played the girl being kidnapped), and then violently shaking and moving whilst Charlotte attempts, yet fails to escape and reach out. We planned to provoke an emotion of vulnerability and powerlessness but in such a way, that it would shock the audience. The use of physical theatre explicitly allows the audience to actually ‘see’ the scene, and leaves it open to interpretation. Also, the anorexia scene was a mixture of both naturalism – with the character of Sophie – and surrealism, in that Charlotte is physically representing anorexia. This in its own right should make the audience uncomfortable and nervous. Like Antonin Artaud’s theatre of cruelty, we wanted to create a character that’s physical representation would shatter the false reality and disturb the audience. That is how we came up with Anna’s character. However we firstly wanted the audience to feel sorry for Sophie (the character with anorexia, played by me), so we gave her a monologue in which she gradually became weaker as she was talking. This use of breaking the fourth wall by addressing the audience was intentional, as it would create an intimate connection with the audience. I started off with a confident tone of voice, but gradually got quieter and my body language more timid as I came to the end of my monologue. We thought that the use of monologues would help to engage the audience. The emotional journey we planned to take Sophie on was to give her a range of emotions, so the scene didn’t become dull and lose audience interest. The contrasts of the shouting at Anna, and then running away crying, were an attempt to take the audience on the same journey I was experiencing. When Sophie collapses at the end, it signifies her physical and mental exhaustion, that again we wanted the audience to feel after watching the performance. The poverty scene was used, in order to show the selfishness within our society, and how we ‘turn a blind eye’ to what is right in front of us. We wanted to use physical theatre to make the piece quite abstract. In order to do this we again thought a Brectian technique would work well, as we didn’t want the audience to be spoon fed there emotions. This method of distancing ourselves from the audience was a great way of allowing the audience to question what they are seeing. We wanted them to create there own interpretation of the scene and how they really felt about the issue of poverty. As there were no words, we used music which we felt embodied a lot of feeling. At one point in the music, the rhythm changed. We decided this would be a good point to interact with the audience, so we looked up and stared at them. This was an attempt to single out the audience members, in a way as if to say ‘you can change this’. We also repeated the scene again but with masks. We wanted to represent the facelessness of society, and how people are too self involved to see what is going on around them. However, after reading the questionnaires we had asked the audience to fill in, many of them wrote down that they didn’t understand the scene, especially when with the masks. We maybe could have thought this scene through a little more, and perhaps not have used the masks as it just seemed to confuse the audience, which we did not want to do. In conclusion, the groups plan for a range of audience responses was really dependant on what type of technique we wished to follow. As we have studied many practitioners and their theories; we felt that using a variety of different acting styles and techniques, we could plan and create our desired audience responses. However, we also had to consider the genre and context of the scene, so that we could create the response that we wished the audience to have.

MONTSERRAT essays

MONTSERRAT essays Montserrat is a volcanic island in the Caribbean. On the southern end of the island is the Soufriere Hills volcano. The volcano, which first erupted about 100,000 years ago, has been dormant for centuries. The volcano took the islanders by surprise when it began to erupt again in 1995. Since then life on the island has changed greatly. Montserrat island is located in a 50 million year old subduction zone. This is an area where one of the earths oceanic plates is forced beneath a more buoyant plate. Fluids rich in water and dissolved minerals are taken out of the crust that is being driven into the earths mantle by the extreme temperatures and pressure. When the fluids rise they cause the overlying mantle to melt and form magma. The magma erupts along the subduction zone and eventually builds up on itself and forms volcanic islands. geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/govt/images/forty.jpg The volcano began erupting again on July 18, 1995 after remaining silent for almost four hundred years. The volcano has erupted numerous times since then. The southern part of the island has been evacuated three times. There are about 3,200 people living on the island today. Of the 8,00 that fled most plan to return to the island once the volcano settles down. The problem is that no one knows when that will be. It could be a long time before the people return to the island. nationalgeographic.com/features/98/volcanoes/images/1ml-back1.jpg Volcanic activity cannot be predicted. Different things happen with different volcanoes and none are the same. Looking back at the volcanoes recent history, it may be safe to assume that the volcano will continue to erupt for a number of years. No one can actually be certain what exactly the volcano will do in the years to come. It may decide to settle down for another four centuries. The only thing that anyone can really do is watch ...

Role in the society of the entertainment industry Essay

Role in the society of the entertainment industry - Essay Example The various variables that define each of the three are highlighted in detail by evaluating and assessing the environment that the company undertakes its business in. Introduction Entrepreneurship opportunities have consistently kept rising all over the world especially with globalization and internationalization of most businesses across countries. The world markets are gradually becoming a global village in the process. On a more specific ground, the entertainment industry is a key industry the world. Globalization and entrepreneurial opportunities have opened up the entertainment industry markets both locally and international. In this regard, business aspects of any given entertainment organization have flourished, enhanced by creativity and exploitation of the emerging opportunities in the market. S.M. Entertainment is one of the most entrepreneurial companies in the world entertainment arena. Basing its foundation on a humble beginning, the company has successfully become one o f the world leading companies in the entertainment industry. Definitions relating to entrepreneurship have similar features in that they tend to suggest that it involves planning and starting a business, taking the risks involved, taking the opportunities that come with the business and producing innovations that can be measured (Barbara, 2009, p.67). Arthur Cole one of the professors in Harvard defines entrepreneurship in the conceptual way as a purposeful event to initiate, maintain and come up with an enterprise that is profit oriented (Peter, 2006, p. 103).On entrepreneurial basis, the company has consistently evaluated social and economic factors in a bid to establish its operational environment. Innovation is a critical aspect to consider in this pursuit. Creativity and innovativeness is a crucial component of doing business. The company has from time to time developed different product and service packages of its market share. This has been enhanced by exploitation of contemp orary and emerging technologies that best suited for the entertainment industry. This report therefore is basically an assessment and an evaluation of the entrepreneurial and innovativeness aspects of the company and an assertion of the company’s position in domestic and international business. One of the outstanding business ventures whose impacts have been noted and whose technological advancements have taken the world at a storm is the S.M. Entertainment. The individual who bears the ability, energy and the vision to create a new business is actually the cornerstone on which the entity begins and thrives (Acs and Audretsch, 2008, p.171; Acs and Audretsch, 2008, p.128). However, the person should be equipped with a variety of factors and important resources so as to create a meaningful enterprise. This has been the driving spirit in S.M Entertainment. To enhance meeting the interests of this report, both qualitative and quantitative research methods will play a significant role. However, limitations that pertain to the inadequacy of vast information about the company may be lacking. This is due to the fact that many studies concentrate on the entire industry and thus makes general arguments that may or not apply in the context of S.M Entertainment.

Managing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing Project - Essay Example This paper includes the study of two cases using the Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) or network diagram. In case 1, network diagram was shown using the activity node. Calculation of Earliest start time (EST) and Latest start time (LST) was done to be able to show the Slack or total float of the activity. Critical path was used to be able to complete the given task without budget constraint. The study will be able to show the importance of the said technique in managing a project. Cost estimation was presented using principles and other theory. Diagram and other tables were presented in the appendixes. At the later part of this paper the difficulties and risks in project management were discuss to further develop the needed project. The purpose of this study is to be able to show the importance of project managing in a company that needs to be developed and managed well. It also allows us student to be able to demonstrate the learning and competence in respect of management of resources generally but in particular elements of time, finance and human resources. In case 1 The Design and Print limited is a printing SME in the UK supplying design and printing services. The project manager is planning for a new project. To start a network diagram using the activity on the node was structure. We will be able to construct the diagram using the table below: In the network diagram shown in appendix 2, each... 1 L N Packaging for Delivery 2 M O Delivery 5 E,N P Payment collections 10 O Appendix 2 F(5) A(1) B(2) C (2) D(1) H(1) L(3) M (1) N(2) E(10) G (4) I (2) J(2) K(2) P(10) In the network diagram shown in appendix 2, each node (circle) represents an activity and is labeled with the activity number and the associated completion time (shown in brackets after the activity number). The network diagram (appendix 1) assumes that activities not linked by precedence relationships can take place simultaneously. For example activity L is preceded by H,K therefore we can do L after H or K. (see diagram). It means that Printing can be done after sizing or type-setting. In the above diagram the activity start at Enquiries (A) , preceded by Quotation (B) you cannot proceed to B without finishing the first task (A). Finance checks on customer (E) and Order confirmation (C) can be done simultaneously since it is not linked by precedence relationship. After task (C) is completed 3 activities or task can be done at the same time since these three are all preceded by C, Purchasing (F), Scheduling (D) and Design (G). The task continues up to the last task the P. To be able to determine the total float, we must need to calculate for the earliest start time and latest start time. This allows scheduling of the work in such a manner that project duration is minimized. Some activities can be implemented simultaneously, and some activities can be delayed while efforts are concentrated on completing other activities which impose a time